Traumatic Brain Injury Law

Brain Injuries in California: Legal Rights and Compensation Guide

Understanding your rights after a traumatic brain injury and how to get maximum compensation

December 2025 12 min read
Doctor examining MRI neck spine. X-ray scan. Spondylosis of the cervical spine. Spondyloarthritis disease.
Cervical spine  radiculopathy,
Neck pain, nerve root inflammation.

Brain injuries range from temporary to permanent and from minor to life-threatening. Regardless of its severity, a brain injury requires time to heal. Many people in California may not be able to work and perform other tasks like they did prior to the brain injury. In these situations, money can become a real impediment to recovery.

If the injury was caused by another person through a car accident, slip and fall, or other incident, you might be able to demand damages or sue for compensation.

At Beahm Law, our personal injury lawyer in the Bay Area helps clients who have suffered brain injuries caused by the negligent, reckless, or intentional act of another person. We know how these types of injuries affect people and will use our understanding and insight into these injuries to obtain maximum compensation.

Contact our brain injury lawyer at 415-523-5555 today to schedule a Free Consultation.

Understanding Brain Injuries in California

A brain injury refers to any injury that occurs to the brain and results in damage to its structure or function. These injuries range from mild to severe and may have short-term or long-term effects on an individual's physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral abilities.

These injuries are often the subject of both personal injury and workers' compensation claims in California.

Common Causes of Brain Injuries

Brain injuries can occur due to various causes, including:

Trauma

Falls, car accidents, motorcycle accidents, or assaults causing head trauma

Lack of Oxygen

Drowning, suffocation, cardiac arrest, or birth injuries

Infections

Encephalitis, meningitis, or other neurological infections

Strokes

Ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes affecting brain function

Tumors

Benign or malignant brain tumors affecting tissue

Degenerative Diseases

Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other progressive conditions

Important: Keep in mind that regardless of the cause, not all brain injuries are subject to a claim. However, if the brain injury involves a personal injury or workers' compensation claim, not only will the cause but the extent of the injury play a role in compensation.

Factors Determining the Extent of Brain Injury

The effects of a brain injury can vary widely depending on different factors. Understanding these variables is crucial for determining appropriate treatment and potential compensation in personal injury claims.

Severity of the Injury

Mild, moderate, or severe classifications impact recovery time, treatment needs, and long-term prognosis

Area of the Brain Affected

Different brain regions control different functions—damage location determines which abilities are impaired

Individual's Age

Younger brains may have more plasticity for recovery, while elderly individuals face higher risks of complications

Individual's Health

Overall physical condition, immune system strength, and existing medical conditions affect recovery

Pre-existing Conditions

Previous brain injuries, neurological conditions, or chronic illnesses can compound injury effects

Time to Treatment

Immediate medical intervention can significantly improve outcomes and reduce long-term damage

Symptoms to Expect After a Brain Injury

If you have suffered a brain injury, symptoms can range from immediate to delayed. Common symptoms include:

Headaches

Dizziness

Confusion

Memory problems

Difficulty concentrating

Mood changes

Personality changes

Changes in behavior

Nausea or vomiting

Critical: Once a brain injury is determined, treatment may involve medical interventions, rehabilitation therapy, and ongoing support to help individuals recover and manage their symptoms, if possible.

Nine Types of Brain Injuries in California Personal Injury Claims

In personal injury lawsuits, the type of brain injury is important because it can impact the amount of compensation awarded

Plaintiffs typically seek damages to cover medical expenses, lost wages, rehabilitation costs, pain and suffering, and other related expenses. Expert medical testimony is often necessary to establish the extent of the injury and its long-term effects on the plaintiff's life.

1

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

This is one of the most common types relevant to personal injury cases. TBIs occur due to a sudden trauma or blow to the head. They can range from mild concussions to severe brain damage, leading to long-term cognitive and physical impairments.

2

Concussion

Concussions are a mild form of TBI caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head. While they are often considered minor, repeated concussions or failure to properly manage them can lead to serious long-term consequences, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

3

Penetrating Brain Injury

This occurs when an object penetrates the skull and damages brain tissue. These injuries can be caused by gunshot wounds, sharp objects, or other penetrating trauma such as debris from serious car accidents.

4

Anoxic Brain Injury

Anoxic brain injuries occur when the brain is deprived of oxygen for a prolonged period. This can result from medical malpractice, drowning, suffocation, or cardiac arrest. Even brief oxygen deprivation can cause permanent brain damage.

5

Hypoxic Brain Injury

Similar to anoxic brain injury, hypoxic brain injury occurs when the brain receives insufficient oxygen (rather than no oxygen). This can happen in various situations, including near-drowning incidents, carbon monoxide poisoning, or during surgery.

6

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)

Unlike TBIs, ABIs occur after birth and are not caused by trauma. These injuries can result from strokes, infections, tumors, or degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. They may be the subject of medical malpractice claims.

7

Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)

DAI is a severe type of TBI caused by the brain rapidly moving back and forth within the skull, leading to widespread damage to nerve fibers. It often occurs in high-speed car accidents or violent shaking, such as in shaken baby syndrome cases.

8

Cerebral Contusion

This involves bruising of the brain tissue, often caused by a direct impact to the head. Contusions can lead to bleeding and swelling, potentially causing significant neurological deficits. Multiple contusions may require surgical intervention.

9

Non-traumatic Brain Injury

These types of brain injuries are the result of internal factors, such as disease or lack of oxygen, rather than an external force. Examples include strokes, seizures, brain tumors, and toxic exposure.

Important Note: Some of these types of injuries overlap—for example, a TBI can also be a penetrating brain injury where a serious car accident leads to glass or metal piercing the victim's head.

Causes of Brain Injuries in California Personal Injury Claims

A personal injury claim is based on situations where another person or entity causes the brain injury through a negligent, reckless, or intentional act.

Common Causes of Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs)

Vehicle Accidents

Truck, car, motorcycle, or bicycle accidents resulting in head trauma

Birth Injuries

Oxygen deprivation, forceps injuries, or other complications during delivery

Sports Injuries

Tackles, collisions, or falls in contact sports and recreational activities

Falls

In the home, on trips, or from heights—see our guide on slip and fall claims

Assaults

Punches causing victims to fall and hit their heads or direct blows to the head

Gunshot Injuries

Penetrating brain injuries from firearms

Domestic Violence or Child Abuse

Including shaken baby syndrome (where an adult forcefully shakes a baby, often in frustration or anger, causing swelling, bruising, or bleeding on the brain)

Workplace Accidents

Construction site accidents, falling objects, or industrial incidents

Common Causes of Non-Traumatic Brain Injuries

Medical Incidents

Seizures, strokes, aneurysms, or brain tumors where they resulted from medical malpractice or delayed diagnosis

Infectious Diseases

Encephalitis or meningitis where they resulted from medical malpractice or negligent care

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Where it resulted from a defective product, faulty appliance, or negligent property maintenance

Loss of Oxygen

From drowning or choking, for example, where a lifeguard was negligent at a private swimming pool or restaurant staff failed to respond to a choking victim

Drug Overdoses

Where medical malpractice, pharmacy errors, or improper prescribing caused oxygen deprivation

Electric Shocks

Where a defective product, faulty wiring, or unsafe conditions caused electrical injury

Effective legal representation in California will be the key to ensure that the cause is directly linked to the type of brain injury in order to ensure maximum compensation.

Causes of Brain Injuries in California Workers' Compensation Claims

A workers' comp claim is based on situations where the victim is injured because of their work or while working. Workplace brain injuries can occur in various industries and job roles.

Falls

Slips, trips, and falls from ladders, scaffolding, or uneven surfaces

Struck by Objects

Being struck by falling or moving tools, equipment, or materials

Vehicle Accidents

Cars, trucks, forklifts, or other machinery accidents

Assaults and Violence

Physical assaults or violent incidents in the workplace

Explosions and Blasts

Common in construction, mining, and military settings

Hazardous Materials

Exposure to toxic chemicals causing neurological damage

Falling Debris

In construction or demolition sites

Machinery Accidents

Heavy machinery, cranes, or industrial equipment

Electrical Accidents

Electrocution or electrical shocks

Repetitive Head Impacts

In sports or physical job roles causing concussions

Inadequate Safety

Lack of proper helmets or safety protocols

Confined Spaces

Risk of head bumps or exposure to harmful gases

Employer Responsibility

Implementing proper safety protocols, providing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), and ensuring a safe working environment can help mitigate these risks. It is the employer's responsibility to do so.

Important: If an employer fails to maintain safe conditions, in some cases, a personal injury claim may be applicable and provide more compensation than a workers' comp claim.

Possible Short- and Long-Term Consequences of Brain Injuries

Depending on the nature of the injury, the effects of a brain injury may be immediately apparent or develop over time. The injury can result in short-term consequences that quickly resolve or permanent conditions that affect every aspect of a person's life.

The brain plays a crucial role in every bodily function. A brain injury can have wide-ranging effects on a person's cognitive functioning, behavior, physical abilities, social skills, and general quality of life.

Potential Consequences of a Brain Injury Include:

• Concussion

• Confusion

• Headaches

• Memory issues

• Poor balance or dizziness

• Mood or personality changes

• Lack of insight

• Inability to read social cues

• Speech difficulties

• Tremors

• Changes in hearing, sight, smell, or taste

• Vision issues (double vision)

• Difficulties with daily activities

• Difficulties learning new information

• Fatigue

• Coma

• Traumatic epilepsy

• Death

Impact on Compensation: The more serious the consequences and their impact on the victim's quality of life could increase the damages the victim receives.

Compensation in California for Brain Injuries

If you've sustained a brain injury as a result of a workplace accident or someone else's negligence, there are several avenues to seek potential compensation.

Workers' Compensation

If your injury occurred at work, you may be eligible for workers' compensation to cover your medical costs and lost wages. The availability and application of workers' compensation vary between states, but California generally provides robust protection for injured workers.

Personal Injury Lawsuit

If you can demonstrate that your brain injury was caused by another person's negligence, you may be able to file a personal injury lawsuit. This allows you to seek:

Economic Damages

  • • Past and future medical costs
  • • Lost wages
  • • Rehabilitation expenses
  • • Home modifications
  • • Assistive devices

Non-Economic Damages

  • • Pain and suffering
  • • Emotional distress
  • • Loss of enjoyment of life
  • • Loss of intimacy with spouse
  • • Mental anguish

The value of brain injury claims can range from tens of thousands to millions of dollars, depending on the severity and long-term impact. An experienced personal injury attorney ensures you receive maximum compensation.

Brain Injury Complications' Impact on Personal Injury Lawsuits

Due to their nature and presentation, brain injuries are a complex feature of personal injury lawsuits. Understanding these complexities is crucial for obtaining full compensation.

Life-Long Impact

The impact can be life-long, extending well beyond the time it takes to settle or win a compensation claim. Future medical needs and care costs must be accurately projected.

Delayed Discovery

It can take some time to discover a brain injury, with new symptoms emerging months or even years after an incident. Initial assessments may miss the full extent of damage.

Progressive Worsening

What first appears to be a mild injury can later lead to a much more serious diagnosis and a broader impact on the injured person's life.

Expert Testimony Required

Proving the extent and future impact of brain injuries requires neurologists, neuropsychologists, and life care planners as expert witnesses.

Critical Steps to Protect Your Rights

1

Seek Immediate Medical Assistance

If you have a potential brain injury, you should seek medical assistance immediately after your accident or the incident that caused it. Early documentation is critical for your case.

2

Keep Copies of All Medical Documents

It's important to keep copies of your related medical documents to discuss with our personal injury attorney. This includes emergency room visits, imaging results, neurological assessments, and all treatment records.

3

Document Symptoms as They Develop

Keep a journal of symptoms, cognitive changes, mood alterations, and how the injury affects your daily life. This contemporaneous documentation strengthens your case.

4

Consult an Attorney Early

When preparing a personal injury case, an attorney will ensure all economic and non-economic damages—including future ones—are included. Expert witnesses are often key to putting this evidence before a court.

Expert witnesses can explain the ongoing consequences of a brain injury for an injured person to ensure they receive the compensation they are entitled to.

Time is of the Essence: California Statute of Limitations

To file a personal injury claim or even a workers' comp claim in California for a brain injury requires adherence to the procedures, including deadlines. Time is of the essence, especially if there is a gap between the date of the incident causing the injury and the date of learning of the injury.

Generally, you have TWO YEARS from the date of injury (or discovery of the injury) to file a personal injury lawsuit in California. Missing this deadline can bar you from recovering any compensation.

Contact a Brain Injury Personal Injury Attorney in the Bay Area Today

At Beahm Law, we understand the devastating impact brain injuries have on victims and their families. Our experienced personal injury attorneys fight tirelessly to obtain maximum compensation for your medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and future care needs.

Free Consultation
No Win, No Fee
Experienced Brain Injury Lawyers

Don't let the statute of limitations run out. Contact us today to protect your rights and secure the compensation you deserve.

Key Takeaways About Brain Injury Claims

  • Brain injuries range from mild concussions to severe traumatic brain injuries with life-long consequences
  • Nine main types of brain injuries can result from accidents, medical malpractice, or workplace incidents
  • Symptoms may appear immediately or develop months/years after the incident
  • Compensation can include economic damages (medical bills, lost wages) and non-economic damages (pain, suffering)
  • You generally have two years from the injury date to file a claim in California
  • Expert witnesses and experienced attorneys are crucial for proving the full extent of damages

Brain Injury Law

Brain Injuries in California: Legal Rights and Compensation Guide

Understanding traumatic brain injuries, your legal options, and how to get maximum compensation

December 2025 12 min read